Police Brutality And Its Effects On The United States

Brutality, corruption, and misconduct in police, or people in high ranking organizations, can be backtracked all the way to early times. There was not a good way to keep record of these instances, but the earliest known case of police brutality happened on June 10, 1893 and was reported on by the New York Times. Officer McManus tried to subdue a suspect and when he the suspect did not comply, McManus used excessive force to subdue the man. This was seen and the New York Times was told and because of this, the officer lost his job of employment. Brutality is something that will never be resolved, and happens in different departments all around the United States. This is not something that has just been centered on the United States, there are cases around the world that happens however with different countries there are different rules and ways to subdue a suspect. While this will never be fully resolved, there is always room for improvement and with help from officers this can be red uced. Police brutality is a term that many officers try to avoid, because with this term usually there are repercussions that coexist. It is a term that is concise and to the point; in subduing a suspect there was force used that was unnecessary. Whether the suspect was harmed or not, or whether the arresting officer believes he used reasonable force, there is a correct way to subdue a suspect and also a wrong way. Police brutality and misconduct can be defined by the Santhanam Committee ReportShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesPolice abuse stays a standout amongst the most serious human rights infringement in the United States. The police transmit a colossal weight every day. Police work is exact traumatic and includes numerous fierce and dangerous circumstances. In numerous threats the police are placed in a spot in which they might need to utilize intensity to resistor the circumstance. There are assorted levels of qual ity and the circumstance charges the level utilize more often than not. The police have extremely seriousRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States890 Words   |  4 Pagesrights infringement in the United States. Over the previous decade, police have carried on in ways that have made individuals doubt are the cops truly enforcing the law? Extreme beatings, unjustified shootings, lethal choking s, and harsh treatment have all added to the ever-present issue of police mercilessness in America. Police brutality has existed as long as policing has been around in this nation. It is noteworthy, however, that â€Å"in the years 2001–2007, the United States Justice Department reportedRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreduce police brutality in this country. There have been many suggestions by politicians on the ways that it could possibly be reduced. One of the things that is constantly brought is the possi bility of police officers nationwide wearing mounted cameras on them throughout the duration of their shifts. This technology comes with both its positive and negative benefits, but it seems to be the topic most commonly talked about. I believe that this technology goes deeper than simply ensuring police officersRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MorePolice Brutality And Corruption Of Public Order1718 Words   |  7 PagesPolice is defined as â€Å"the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order† . When these powers are abused and unnecessary force is used for corrupt purpose outside of their duty it is considered police brutality. While police brutality may seem only rampant in the United States, it effects Russians equally. The questio n is why are the police in these two countries so powerful that they can go against their dutyRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ellison862 Words   |  4 PagesIn response to police brutality, The Invisible Man was written by Ellison demonstrated that through his life racism was entirely present. Ellison, in fact, was faced with police brutality throughout the novel. Ellison wrote a scene in which his narrator dealt with police brutality after giving a speech at an eviction. The police threatened to shoot him and beat all of them. Ellison wrote that his character had known it was due to the racism during the time period. Even so, the rest of the novel involvedRead MoreMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesprofiled and thus are being incarcerated or harassed more frequently than any other racial group in the United States. Although this statement is partially true, Alexander misses the fact that in recent years, other racial groups have been affected by the same unjust profiling done by authorities. Recently, overall police brutality and racial profiling has seen an increase in the United States population. Furthermore, unprovoked or inappropriate use of force by authorities has sparked conversationRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MoreEnglish 1A Essay 3 1 3 1624 Words   |  7 PagesSomer 13 November 2014 The Horrors of Police Brutality Imagine being in the Bart train, going to a party with some of your friends, but while in route, you are shot by the Bart police for a crime you did not commit. This is the story of a young man named Oscar Grant. On New Years Eve of 2009, he was fatally shot. . Police brutality is the use of excessive force, physically or verbally, by a police officer. In one year, how many incidents of police brutality or misconduct do you think have occurredRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortable Police Brutality And Its Effects On The United States Power abusing among cops remains a standout amongst the most serious human rights infringement in the United States. Over the previous decade, police have carried on in ways that have made individuals doubt are the cops truly enforcing the law? Extreme beatings, unjustified shootings, lethal choking s, and harsh treatment have all added to the ever-present issue of police mercilessness in America. Police brutality has existed as long as policing has been around in this nation. It is noteworthy, however, that â€Å"in the years 2001–2007, the United States Justice Department reported a 25 percent increase in the use of tactics by law enforcement officials that allegedly violate citizens civil rights† (Walter). These occasions do not symbolize all of the policing severity that has happened, but they lay out as the basis for the issues that still presently exist. The truth is that a large portion of these episodes go un-noticed or un-reported. Through studies, people try to recognize the reasons for police brutality, and what they can do to end it. In numerous places in the progressing world, instead of teaching their kids to rush to the police if they are in trouble, folks must educate their kids to stay away from the police in order to be safe from harm. There, torment remains a normal piece of cops work to obtain confession or other data from suspects who decline to participate. With the lack of training on expert methods for investigation and essentially no responsibilityShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesPolice abuse stays a standout amongst the most serious human rights infringement in the United States. The police transmit a colossal weight every day. Police work is exact traumatic and includes numerous fierce and dangerous circumstances. In numerous threats the police are placed in a spot in which they might need to utilize intensity to resistor the circumstance. There are assorted levels of quality and the circumstance charges the level utilize more often tha n not. The police have extremely seriousRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States898 Words   |  4 Pages Brutality, corruption, and misconduct in police, or people in high ranking organizations, can be backtracked all the way to early times. There was not a good way to keep record of these instances, but the earliest known case of police brutality happened on June 10, 1893 and was reported on by the New York Times. Officer McManus tried to subdue a suspect and when he the suspect did not comply, McManus used excessive force to subdue the man. This was seen and the New York Times was told and becauseRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On The United States1454 Words   |  6 Pagesreduce police brutality in this country. There have been many suggestions by politicians on the ways that it could possibly be reduced. One of the things that is constantly brought is the possibility of police officers nationwide wearing mounted cameras on them throughout the d uration of their shifts. This technology comes with both its positive and negative benefits, but it seems to be the topic most commonly talked about. I believe that this technology goes deeper than simply ensuring police officersRead MorePolice Brutality Of The United States1415 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Brutality Police abuse is one of the most violated human rights in the United States. Police are portrayed as heroes that stop bank robbers, stop kidnappings and catch murders, but as of recent year’s police actions have come into the public eye. While typically citizens worry about their safety from criminals, it also seems they have to keep an eye out for the people who are supposed to protect them from danger. Thousands of complaints about police brutality is reported each year, and seemsRead MorePolice Brutality And Corruption Of Public Order1718 Words   |  7 PagesPolice is defined as â€Å"the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order† . When these powers are abused and unnecessary force is used for corrupt purpose outside of their duty it is considered police brutality. While police brutality may seem only rampant in the United States, it effects Russians equally. The questio n is why are the police in these two countries so powerful that they can go against their dutyRead MoreThe Invisible Man By Ellison862 Words   |  4 PagesIn response to police brutality, The Invisible Man was written by Ellison demonstrated that through his life racism was entirely present. Ellison, in fact, was faced with police brutality throughout the novel. Ellison wrote a scene in which his narrator dealt with police brutality after giving a speech at an eviction. The police threatened to shoot him and beat all of them. Ellison wrote that his character had known it was due to the racism during the time period. Even so, the rest of the novel involvedRead MoreMichelle Alexander s The New Jim Crow Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesprofiled and thus are being incarcerated or harassed more frequently than any other racial group in the United States. Although this statement is partially true, Alexander misses the fact that in recent years, other racial groups have been affected by the same unjust profiling done by authorities. Recently, overall police brutality and racial profiling has seen an increase in the United States population. Furthermore, unprovoked or inappropriate use of force by authorities has sparked conversationRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The presence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MoreEnglish 1A Essay 3 1 3 1624 Words   |  7 PagesSomer 13 November 2014 The Horrors of Police Brutality Imagine being in the Bart train, going to a party with some of your friends, but while in route, you are shot by the Bart police for a crime you did not commit. This is the story of a young man named Oscar Grant. On New Years Eve of 2009, he was fatally shot. . Police brutality is the use of excessive force, physically or verbally, by a police officer. In one year, how many incidents of police brutality or misconduct do you think have occurredRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortable Police Brutality And Its Effects On The United States There is an ongoing conversation on what it will take to reduce police brutality in this country. There have been many suggestions by politicians on the ways that it could possibly be reduced. One of the things that is constantly brought is the possibility of police officers nationwide wearing mounted cameras on them throughout the duration of their shifts. This technology comes with both its positive and negative benefits, but it seems to be the topic most commonly talked about. I believe that this technology goes deeper than simply ensuring police officers aren’t victimizing the public. I believe that this technology carries many more benefits along with it. Upon graduating with a degree in Criminal Justice here at IUPUI I would like to†¦show more content†¦To go along with that another strength of this technology is the fact that it allows the officer to work within his or her means. It would allow them to simply go about their days without the possibility of someo ne saying they only pulled them over because of a particular reason. They would have that video proof showing why they pulled them over. Along with that it would give the officer accountability to ensure they are not abusing their powers. This would also lead to a reduction of citizen complaints on patrolling officers, which is also another strength. In a study conducted by Policeone.com they found that after body cameras were used by police citizen complaints dropped nearly 88% (Lewinski). The last strength that comes along with body worn cameras is the fact that the offender would be able to flag the video and have it sent to them as a source of evidence. They would then be able to present this in court. In addition, this type of technology does come along with quite a few weaknesses. One of the biggest weaknesses and biggest reasons many police departments can’t use body worn cameras is because they need a place to store all of the video. Many departments cannot afford to use body worn cameras because of how much it costs to store the video. In a survey distributed by Policemisconduct.net they found that nearly 39% of departments didn’t use cameras for this reason (Feeney, The Cato

Essay on Iago the Green - Eyed Monster - 968 Words

In the Shakespearean play Othello, the â€Å"Green – Eyed Monster†, otherwise known as jealousy, is nothing but a killer. It is a creature that drove Iago to his monstrous revenge plot. During the duration of the play, jealousy was one of the main motives Iago had as a foundation in his plot to destroy Othello. As the lowest ranking officer, Othello’s ancient, Iago wanted to be promoted to the lieutenant position. In the opening scene of Act I, Iago described his jealousy towards Michael Cassio to Roderigo. He described how Cassio had, â€Å"never set squadron in the field† and that his knowledge of battle is only known through books (I.I.23). Unlike Michael Cassio, Iago had been in the army for years and felt betrayed by none other than the†¦show more content†¦Othello, in the beginning of the play, was a strong and powerful man that was in love with the daughter of Brabantio, Desdemona. However, according to Nordlund, the love was â€Å"f lawed.† Although she loved him for his victories and adventures in battle, critics such as Noll and Godfrey felt he loved her because he was loved by someone. Nevertheless, this idea did not prevent them from marriage; the start of the downfall. The marriage between Othello and Desdemona caused pandemonium within the community, especially within Brabantio and Roderigo. Brabantio initially felt that the marriage was the effect of Othello’s witchcraft, as said in Act 1 Scene 3, but once Desdemona had informed him otherwise, that did not prevent his feeling of her betrayal. Brabantio was jealous that he no longer had control over his daughter and he warned Othello to watch over her for she can betray him as well; â€Å"She has deceived her father, and may thee† (I.III.334). Roderigo on the other hand, was jealous of Othello for being married to Desdemona because he was in love with he. During the play, Roderigo was the kind of man that did anything it took to gain the love of Desdemona, and Iago clearly used that to his advantage. Iago reassured that Roderigo would gain Desdemona’s love by saying, â€Å"also she will realize the wrong of her ways,† giving hope to the envious RoderigoShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Love And Hate In Othello Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagesan unusual description of a man who murders his own wife. However, Othellos feelings of hate for Desdemona started as an overwhelming love for her when their relationship began. This transformation from love to hate also inflicted the characters Iago and Roderigo and like Othello their hatred resulted in the murder of innocent people. Roderigos love for Desdemona was transformed into hate towards any man that he thought was loved by her. Iagos love for his jo b and his wife, Emilia changed intoRead MoreIn Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello Is as Much a Victim of His Own Weaknesses as of Iago’s Plotting. Write an Essay That Explores the Construction of Othello’s Character in Parker’s Film and Shakespeare’s Play.910 Words   |  4 Pagesfilm devices. Both the play and the film masterfully spin a tale of romance, tragedy and death telling the fall of glory of Othello due to the acts of his ensign Iago, albeit with several differences in the presentation. Both Shakespeare and Parker explore themes of jealousy, power, and racism through the key characters of Othello and Iago. Parker utilises cutting, close-ups, mise-en-scene, music and a variety of others to bring his own in-depth dissection and construction of Othello. In the openingRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare: An Epic Play Worth Reading1406 Words   |  6 PagesThis play is Shakesphere’s Othello and it is one with an epic war between Love and Evil. While reading Othello, one encounters such diverse and dynamic characters as, Othello, Desdemona, Rodergio, Iago, and Cassio. These characters are all affected, in some way either by jealousy, or manipulated by Iago to feel jealousy. The literary techniques that Shakespeare uses to advance the theme of â€Å"Jealousy ultimately destroys those affected by it,† are: characterization and personification. Another themeRead MoreIagos Description And Identity In Othello1932 Words   |  8 Pages my lord, of jealousy! / It is the green-eyed monster, which doth mock / The meat it feeds on† (Shakespeare 1.1. 165-67). The notion of jealousy being coined as a â€Å"green-eyed monster† is familiar in many forms of literature. Iago, one of Shakespeare’s most infamous villains, uses this line to warn Othello of the dangers of jealousy, although it is later revealed that Iago is the most jealous character in the play. Is Iago’s description of the green-eyed monster only a symbol? How real can it becomeRead More Othello the Tragic Hero Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagespersuades them to do stupid things. William Shakespeare portrayed this flaw extremly well in the play Othello. IN the play, Othello, is a character who seems almost perfect, but his flaw jealousy is brought out but his trusted companion Iago. This trait makes Othello the tragic hero due to the fact that he sacrifices his life in good name. When being accused of â€Å"witchcraft† by Barbantio ( Desdemonas father) and senators he remains in control and courageous. â€Å" Most potentRead MoreUse of Imagery in Othello1555 Words   |  7 Pageshis words. A great author can create the same imagery for centuries to come. The function of imagery in the mid-sixteenth century play Othello by William Shakespeare is to add characterization and eventually define meaning in the play. The antagonist Iago is defined through various images, some being the use of poison and sleeping aids, to show his true evil nature. Othello’s character is also shaped by imagery such as the black and white, animalistic, and horse images, which indicates his lust andRead More Jealousy in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1976 Words   |  8 PagesIt is described as the green - eyed monster. Green representing the colour of envy, and monster shows how destructive and how vicious it can be. This quotation is said by a character named Iago. Iago has a strong manipulative mind. He is the first of all the characters in the play to be attacked by the green - eyed monster. This is very ironic, Iago is warning Othello to be aware of jealousy, however what Othello does not know is that Iago is the one that is buildingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The Green Eyed Monster Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Green Eyed Monster†, he explains, â€Å"To proclaim Shakespeare s Othello as a tragedy of jealousy is but to echo the opinion of every critic who ever wrote about it† (para. 1). In this essay, the role of jealousy is examined in legendary William Shakespeare’s play Othello. Roderigo is not a major character, but he shifts from an introverted character to a wrongfully brave character because he is driven by jealousy over Othello’s role in Desdemona’s life. He lets his inner green-eyed monster cloudRead MoreOthello A Shakespearean Tragedy: An Analysis of Iagos Jealous Rage1326 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships of almost everyone around him. Iagos anger, jealousy, and greed enable him to come up with an effective strategic plan to overthrow either Michael Cassio and/or Othello in order to get the position of lieutenant that he so desperately wants. Iago is willing to sacrifice anything and everything to achieve his goal and does not care about whom he hurts. Iagos thirst for power begins to consume whim after he is passed up for promotion and Michael Cassio, a Florentine,/A fellow almost damndRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1273 Words   |  6 Pagesvillain, Iago, were a deaf mute. There is no doubt that the destruction of each character can be blamed on jealous Iago. The theme of jealousy helps propel the plot naturally and demonstrates the consequences of being morbidly jealous. The circumstantial evidence Iago provides acts like a lethal poison, which surrounds Othello in suspicion and envy but also turns him into an inhuman murderer. Jealousy is the ‘monster’ that unresonably conducts the great suffering in the story. Since Iago is overwhelmed

Education in Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Education in Nursing? Answer: Introduction Education in nursing includes the practical and theoretical training imparted to the nursing students with the objective of preparing them as future nursing professionals. They are aimed to endorse with the duties of nursing care. The medical professionals or experienced nurses who have the experience and required qualifications for the tasks of education impart the education to the nurses. Nursing education can be generalized or specialized. Generalized nursing education includes the general aspects of the nursing profession and specialized nursing includes the specialized areas like pediatric, mental health and post-operatory nursing. Autonomic registration of nursing courses is typically of four years. There is also the scope for post qualification courses in the field of nursing for the specialized subjects. The doctoral programs in nursing are important for the development of nursing and their implementation in the profession. The student becomes a facilitated learner, evaluates the outcomes of the program, learns to use the evaluations and assessment strategies effectively and participates in the designing of the curriculum. The student becomes qualified enough to act as a nursing leader. Therefore, the present study will aim at the importance of the nursing education from five different peer-reviewed articles and their critical analysis. Article 1: Rush, K. L., Adamack, M., Gordon, J., Lilly, M., Janke, R. (2013). Best practices of formal new graduate nurse transition programs: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,50(3), 345-356. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.06.009 Recruitment, retention and transition of the theory to practice of the new graduate nurses have been the matter of concern globally. With the ever-growing complexity of care and acuity followed by the advancements in the technology, a gap has been detected in the theory and practice of nursing education as a global phenomenon. Expectations are also differing between the practice and educational stakeholders along with the problematic lag of the nursing student and graduate nurse. The purpose of this study was the identification of the best practices of the transition programs for the formal graduate nurses. This review was found to be beneficial for the organizations in the development and support of the programs of transitions for the newly graduated and hired nurses. The purpose was extended to review the existing literature of research for the identification of the practices of the transition programs for the newly graduated nurses. The research design was the review of the research literature of nursing which employed various research designs from different research papers by a range of authors. These were quasi-experimental, longitudinal, descriptive and qualitative. Majority of the research designs were descriptive design (n=27) followed by quasi-experimental (n=8), longitudinal (n=7) and qualitative (n=5). The criteria for the study design had the quasi-experimental design with 3 points, qualitative and descriptive with 1 point each and longitudinal design with 2 points. The validity of this research work can be under threat as the study as the variability in the sample size and research design was limited. So the overall measures of outcome of the study were lacking and so the validity of this study is under threat. However, this can be overcome by employing study designs, which are rigorous. More longitudinal studies will help in tracking the transition program outcome for the graduate nurses. The finding of the research program was that the transition programs improve the retention. Availability of support opportunities and mentors provide support to the new graduates. Formal training is essential prior to entering the profession for the new graduates. The period of decreased job satisfaction and stress for the new graduates can be reduced by the implication of the transition programs for 9 months. The environment has to be made amenable for the transition of the new graduates. Article 2: Ward, J., Cody, J., Schaal, M., Hojat, M. (2012). The empathy enigma: An empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students.Journal of Professional Nursing : Official Journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing,28(1), 34-40. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.10.007 The present standard of the healthcare organizations emphasizes on curing rather than caring, technological proficiency rather than personal skills, efficiency rather than the excellence, all the encounter of patient-nurse should be based on empathy. However, with the increasing complexity of healthcare, it is becoming more difficult to imply this empathy. So the nursing students are also facing complex challenges of steering their experiences and managing their responsibilities, with keeping in mind the humanistic needs. The purpose of the research was the examination of the changes in the empathy of the students of nursing during one year of their undergraduate program. How the empathy of the student changes and what are the responsible factors were closely examined in the clinical setting. The significant empathy changes were identified and the degree of exposure to the clinical experiences for the undergraduate students was determined to identify the empathy changes. The research design employed in this study was statistical analysis of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. 214 undergraduate students of nursing participated in the longitudinal study. Chi-square test was employed to determine the comparisons based on the demographic variables. T-test and ANOVA for the correlated group and repeated measure were performed for testing the statistical analysis of the significant changes in the empathy of the students throughout the period of study. The validity of the research can be under threat as the study lacked generalization. This was because it was carried out at only one academic institution. However, inclusion of more academic institutions and participants will produce reproducible results. Asking of questions which are open-ended and which solicited the examples from the experiences of the students will improve the determination of the empathic behavior of the undergraduate students of nursing. The findings of this research have been to be in consistency with several other research works which suggested that decline in the empathy of the nursing students who are either in the final year of nursing education or have entered the phase of clinical training with patients. Several strategies have been designed in this research study for the implication of empathy among the undergraduate students. However, further research is essential for determining the patient outcomes due to the impact of this study among the nursing students who enter the profession. Article 3: Button, D., Harrington, A., Belan, I. (2014). E-learning information communication technology (ICT) in nursing education: A review of the literature.Nurse Education Today,34(10), 1311-1323. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.05.002 E-learning is the recent development in the nursing education globally. It has been implemented in the nursing curricula in most of the developed nations. Since electronic patient records are getting adopted globally, e-learning should be made compulsory in the course of nursing. Presently there are several issues regarding the information and computer literacy. So the advancements of nursing students and professionals dealing with electronic health records are being hindered. So e-learning is getting critical for both the students and educators. The purpose of this research study was to carry out a literature review for identification of the e-learning related research and the implementation of associated technologies in the programs of nursing. In addition, the purpose of the study was identification of the issues of the educators and students who are into the practice of using e-learning. All the literature and research articles were critically appraised, systematically reviewed and thematically analyzed. The research design involved 28 studies, which were further divided into three different groups: quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. The most frequently employed research method in the study was quantitative, which was employed in 16 studies. This was followed by mixed methods, which were employed nine studies and qualitative studies, which were employed in three studies. Six out of the sixteen peer-reviewed articles discussed the validity and reliability of the research study and their potential threats. Power analysis was not determined in any of the studies and the diversity of the survey tools made it difficult for the comparison of the results, especially the direct comparisons. Many of the reviewed articles involved studies in only a single university. So these limitations and validity threats can be minimized by conducting the study across multiple universities and implementing the power analysis. The findings of this research study suggested that information technology by computers have serious implications for the educators and students globally. The implication should also include the daily working of the nursing graduates on the computer information systems. For the learning and teaching of the nursing profession, computer information technology and its implication have become essentially important. Article 4: Henderson, A., Eaton, E. (2013). Assisting nurses to facilitate student and new graduate learning in practice settings: What 'support' do nurses at the bedside need? Nurse Education in Practice,13(3), 197. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2012.09.005 The process of continuous learning is essential in the workplace to assure that the practice of healthcare is contemporary. Professionals of healthcare set up communities regarding their practice where they get the opportunity to share the understanding and knowledge of their skills. This type of sharing will benefit the new graduates entering the nursing profession. With the continuous increase in the number of nursing students, it is becoming essential to provide them with the professional support by sharing the craft of the experienced nurses. The purpose of this research was to determine how this support process could be implemented. This includes the assistance required to be provided to the new nursing graduates who are engaged in patient care and act as mentors, buddies and preceptors. The process of support will eventually evolve these new graduates into learning guides. The undergraduate students or new graduates need this support as they enter a new context of practice. The research design involves literature review from various peer-reviewed articles about the learning guides in nursing education. Different topics have been analyzed in the study where the learning guides have been critically appraised. The advantages, shortcomings and the outcome of the support provided to the nursing graduates by the learning guides have been reviewed and discussed. Strategic planning for the development of leadership in the education and profession of nursing is essential, which has been discussed in the topic crucially with the aid of the various references. The validity of the study is threatened when few of the articles discuss the fact that learning guides are often not competent enough to facilitate the new nurses since they are poorly prepared. Insufficient preparation and training of the mentors often reduce the supervision standards. These hindrances can overcome by enrichment of the nursing abilities and clinical experience of the mentors. Positive dynamics of the team may enhance the mentorship abilities of the learning guides. The finding of the study suggests that learning guides make important contributions to the enhancement of learning of the new graduates. The implication of the learning guides facilitates professional interactions with the new professionals. The learning guides identify the needs of the learners and, therefore, requisite learning is provided to the bedside nurses. As the bedside nurses have designated caseload, they need the support of the learning guides for performing the important role. Article 5: Robinson, B. K., Dearmon, V. (2013). Evidence-based nursing education: Effective use of instructional design and simulated learning environments to enhance knowledge transfer in undergraduate nursing students.Journal of Professional Nursing: Official Journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing,29(4), 203-209. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.04.022 Patient safety concerns need the healthcare providers to review the traditional practices of nursing. The nursing education programs prepare the new graduate nurses with clinical skills for safe and effective care for the patients. Lack of exposure in the clinical settings reduces the intuition development. In addition, the nurse graduates enter the profession with little information and understanding of their role as a bedside nurse. Shortage of faculty and limited clinical sites are the challenges that the nursing graduates face. The purpose of the article is the application of ADDIE model of the instruction design for the application of simulation in the education of nursing for the facilitation of better clinical performance. ADDIE model stands for analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation model. It has been found that simulation is an important learning-teaching strategy. Development of clinical experience in the curriculum of nursing education provides the need for a model of instructional design for simulation activities. The research design involves program level outcomes and objectives. Educational tools for the promotion of acquisition of skills and its proficiency, improvement of self-confidence and decision-making abilities are essential for the nursing programs. HFPS or high fidelity patient simulation are employed for the reduction of medical errors by the application of simulation. Other simulators like SimMan and NCLEX are also employed to create realistic simulation experience in the learning environment and integrate them into the nursing curriculum. The validity of this study is threatened when the effectiveness of the simulation program is assessed. Several limitations may come up like inadequate resources, communication breaks, and instructional design errors. These limitations may provide barriers to the simulated experience of learning. However, this can be prevented by the documentation of the systemic evaluation for the improvement of the outcome and the simulation process. This ultimately helps in achieving the objectives of nursing education. The findings of the research study are knowledge transfer and confidence building among the new graduates of nursing. Simulated learning experience needs communication and adequate training. The implication of the simulation technique has to be well planned. Successful simulation technique is based on the collaboration and communication among the facilitators and the faculty. Planned implementation of the simulation ensures the achievement of the learning objectives of the nursing education for the graduates. Research Refined For this part, article 3 has been taken as the reference for conducting the research study in a different method. Since e-learning is the recent development in the field of nursing education, so this part of the project has been conducted by its practical implementation in the nursing home setting. High quality of nursing care in the residential and end of life care nursing homes reduces the distress levels in residents, emergency hospital admissions and communication between the nursing staff and the residents. However, excessive staff overload because of conventional nursing practices, low training levels and spiritual and emotional challenges provides barrier to the nursing care to the residents. A wide range of policy and clinical initiatives are essential to face these challenges of quality healthcare delivery. The purpose of this research was to emphasize the importance of e-learning in the nursing home settings to provide the requisite skills, attitudes and knowledge through strategies of training. This research focuses on the elevation of the confidence and understanding for delivering quality nursing care and bridging the gaps of new understandings translations in the practice of nursing. End of life care nursing home settings have been preferred for the study, as long-term care requires deeper knowledge and skills over short-term care in nursing. The research design is mixed-methods approach of case study. The strength of this research design is that it allows complementarities and triangulations for the addition of insight and depth to the analysis. However, the weakness of this research design is that the collected data cannot be comprehensive to a broad range of the population. The biggest threats to the validity of e-learning in the nursing home settings are digital literacy, participant motivation and internet accessibility. However, the number of benefits that is obtained from e-learning overcomes these threats. The justification of the study can be found from the fact that there has been a positive change in the confidence and understanding for nursing care in the nursing setting. Evidences were derived for more holistic and detailed understanding of the core competencies of nursing care with enhanced confidence. Areas of further training were also revealed by the study. Data collection for the study was done by employing a range of qualitative and quantitative methods, which included a 36-item and 8-item post and pre-course questionnaire for self-completion by the nursing participants, collection of documentary, interviews which are semi-structured with the nursing participants and finally the observations of the facilitated workshops. Conclusion There should be an ideal balance between the theory and practice of the nursing education. The future nursing practitioners need to be sufficiently educated to have a wider view of the profession and manage the healthcare settings. To meet these objectives, the nursing education should aim at developing professionals with the skill for lifelong learning and have the ability to adapt to the professional changes in nursing. References Button, D., Harrington, A., Belan, I. (2014). E-learning information communication technology (ICT) in nursing education: A review of the literature.Nurse Education Today,34(10), 1311-1323. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2013.05.002 Henderson, A., Eaton, E. (2013). Assisting nurses to facilitate student and new graduate learning in practice settings: What 'support' do nurses at the bedside need? Nurse Education in Practice,13(3), 197. doi:10.1016/j.nepr.2012.09.005 Robinson, B. K., Dearmon, V. (2013). Evidence-based nursing education: Effective use of instructional design and simulated learning environments to enhance knowledge transfer in undergraduate nursing students.Journal of Professional Nursing : Official Journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing,29(4), 203-209. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.04.022 Rush, K. L., Adamack, M., Gordon, J., Lilly, M., Janke, R. (2013). Best practices of formal new graduate nurse transition programs: An integrative review.International Journal of Nursing Studies,50(3), 345-356. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.06.009 Ward, J., Cody, J., Schaal, M., Hojat, M. (2012). The empathy enigma: An empirical study of decline in empathy among undergraduate nursing students.Journal of Professional Nursing : Official Journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing,28(1), 34-40. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.10.007

Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte Argumentative Essay Love is an amazing emotion. People spend much of their lives searching for truelove. When true love is found, people will do everything possible to hold on toand cherish it for eternity. It is said that true love can only be found once ina lifetime that is filled with intense everlasting emotions. A classic exampleof this powerful emotion is displayed by the characters Heathcliff and CatherineEarnshaw in Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights. Wuthering Heights examines apassionate and overwhelming love between its central characters, Cathy andHeathcliff. Their love is profound and filled with passion unlike any other. Itsintensity builds from their childhood until the untimely death of Catherine. Theextent of this love is exemplified during Heathcliff and Catherinesinteractions with each other, during Catherines statements to Nelly, andduring Catherines death where Heathcliff and Catherine embrace for the lasttime. When Catherine and Heathcliff were young, they would ?run away to themoors in the morning and remain there all day?(44). They spent a lot of timetogether playing like children. It is in this time that they create theireverlasting bond. Catherine and Heathcliff spend almost every waking hourtogether and inevitably fall in love. Whenever Catherine and Heathcliff talkabout their love, their tone is high and wild. No words could possibly expressthe great passion they share, yet it becomes obvious in their ?interactionstogether?. At one point, Catherine stays at Thrushcross Grange for five weeksand comes back a different woman and her appearance seems more refined andpolished. She has been influenced by the Lintons, particularly Edgar who she hasdeveloped an infatuation with. She has changed and ?seems? to look atHeathcliff in a different manner. Catherine says to him ?Why how very blackand cross you look! and how-how funny and grim!?(52). Heathcliff cantbelieve his ears. He is so angry that he refuses to shake hands with her: ?Ishall not stand to be laughed at , I shall not bear it?(52). Heathcliff wonderslater if she misses him: ?Do you suppose she has nearly forgotten me? Everythought she spends on Linton, she spends a thousand on me?(149). The thoughtof Catherine loving another is unfathomable to Heathcliff, but he is convincedthat she still loves him more. Here again, even when there is not an obviousdisplay of love, it lies just below the surface of their interactions. Anotherside of the love shared between Catherine and Heathcliff is revealed instatements by Catherine to the servant Nelly Dean: ?Whatever souls are madeof, his and mine are the sameNelly I am Heathcliff?(182). Catherine lovesHeathcliff so much that she feels that they share the same soul. Nothing canever break this bond. Catherine herself then compares her love for Edgar and herlove for Heathcliff: ?My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods. We will write a custom essay on Wuthering Heights By Emily Bronte Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Time will change itMy love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocksbeneath-a source of little visible delight, but necessary?(82). It is asthough she realizes the superficial love she has for Edgar and the eternal loveshe has for Heathcliff. Catherine knows she is about to marry the wrong man. What she does not realize is that this mistake will eventually bring about herdemise. While Catherine layed on her deathbed, she is visited by Heathcliff. Inthis last interaction, they throw accusations of betrayal at each other withfiery intensity. In Catherines delirium, she realizes her mistake of marryingEdgar, but knows now there is nothing she can do about it. She in on the vergeof death, and deeply regrets betraying her heart: Why did you despise me? Whydid you betray your own heart Cathy? I have not one word of comfort-you deservethis. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me and cry; and wring out mykisses and tearsyou loved me-then what right had you to leave me? I have notbroken you heartand in breaking it, you have broken mine(161). Heathcliff isclearly angry at Catherine but he still loves her. He embraces her before heleaves, wishing that he could just hold her forever. After Catherine dies,Heathcliff becomes very distraught and feels that he cannot survive alone. Hecurses her spirit out of anger and betrayal: ?May she wake in tormentMayyou not rest as long as I am livingOh God! It is unutterable! I cannot livewithout my life! I cannot live without my soul?(167). Heathcliff does not wanther soul to rest. He wishes for her to haunt him so that they can be together,at least partially, but yet eternally. Catherine and Heathcliff in EmilyBrontes Wuthering Heights travel an intense and passionate road. Theirintense and passionate love is evident in their interations with each other,their interactions with others, and especially their last interaction whenCatherine is on the verge of dying. With the love they share, Catherine andHeathcliff endure many hardships in their journey. Mistakes are made and regretis formed. However, they have built their love on the foundation of their souls,which will last for an eternity. In death they will roam together, their soulsintertwined as one. Nothing can separate them now. .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .postImageUrl , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:hover , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:visited , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:active { border:0!important; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:active , .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2f d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left: 18px; top: 0; } .u0ce8b71dede17093 2bb79833842e2fd6 .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ce8b71dede170932bb79833842e2fd6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Bias Essay

What is Irony The 3 Major Types of Irony (with Examples)

What is Irony The 3 Major Types of Irony (with Examples) What Is Irony and How Should You Use it? Last updated: 04/18/2019Many of us probably know it when we see it, but few of us can articulate what irony really is - much less identify the different types. However, it’s important for writers to understand this literary technique, as it can really add depth to your story - so long as you’re not using it in a hackneyed or incorrect way (like the much-debated Alanis Morissette song).In this article, we will define and analyze the various types of irony and how to use them in your writing. These types include dramatic, situational, and verbal irony, along with their offshoots and related terms. We’ll also give examples of each type in literature, films, and other media. Finally, we’ll debunk the concept of "rain on your wedding day†Ã‚  - which might be inconvenient but certainly isn’t ironic. The 3 different types of irony how to use them What is irony?Irony is a storytelling tool used to create a contrast between how things seem and how they really are beneath the surface. The term comes from the Latin word ironia, which means â€Å"feigned ignorance.† The three main types used in literature are dramatic, situational, and verbal, as mentioned above.People often conflate irony with sarcasm, coincidence, or bad luck. While these concepts can have ironic characteristics, they’re not interchangeable with irony.So for example, if you run to catch the bus and miss it by two seconds, that’s not ironic - unless the reason you’re late is because you were bragging about how you wouldn’t miss the bus. This creates an unexpected and comic contrast to what would otherwise just be an unfortunate situation. More on that later. The stages of dramatic ironyNow that you have a solid handle on what it is, let’s break down the three stages of dramatic irony.  We’ll use another Shakespearean example, this time from Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo + Juliet (which has an ever-so-slightly different ending from the original play), to illustrate these stages.Stage 1. Installation: the information is presented to the audience, but withheld from the characters. Toward the end of the movie, Juliet fakes her own death to get out of marrying Paris. She sends a message detailing her plans to Romeo, but he never receives it - so the audience knows Juliet isn’t really dead, but Romeo does not.Stage 2. Exploitation: the author uses this imbalance to heighten curiosity and tension. Romeo finds out about Juliet’s â€Å"death† and buys poison in order to join her in the afterlife. The audience doesn’t yet know whether he will go through with it, however, and they're filled with anguished curiosity.Stage 3. Resolution: the characters find out the truth. In the Baz Luhrmann version, Romeo drinks the poison by Juliet’s side, but she awakens from her deep slumber just before he dies. Hence he does, eventually, find out the truth that she was never really dead - but of course, he’s already consumed the poison, which means all they have time for is one final kiss.In this case, the dramatic irony is also tragic irony; the characters in Romeo + Juliet find out the truth just moments too late to stop something horrible from happening. Heartbreaking, no? 💔How else is dramatic irony used?To induce feelings of fear or suspenseAlfred Hitchcock succinctly explains dramatic irony by describing two scenes:In the first, four people are sitting at a table, having a conversation, when a bomb explodes.In the second, we witness an anarchist enter the room, place a bomb under the table, and set it to explode at 1pm. Moments later, we watch as four people sit at th at table and begin a conversation. There is a clock on the wall that reads 12:45pm.In the first scene, we experience momentary surprise. In the second scene, an innocuous conversation becomes charged with prolonged suspense - dramatic irony.For some truly impressive suspense-building, check out this list of the 50 best suspense books of all time.To stir up sympathy for a characterIn the movie Ten Things I Hate About You, high school senior Kat is cold and reserved. After Patrick agrees to woo Kat in exchange for payment from a fellow classmate (who wants to date her sister), we see her warm to him. However, even as they fall for each other, we know that the truth about Patrick’s initial interest in Kat will inevitably come out - consequently, we feel sympathy for her as the reveal draws closer.To create comical situationsIn the season eight finale of  Friends, Joey picks up Ross’s coat and a ring tumbles out - a ring intended for Ross to propose to Rachel. When Jo ey kneels down to pick it up, Rachel assumes he is proposing†¦ and accepts.Hilarity ensues as misunderstanding and miscommunication take the day. But of course, ignorance can only remain bliss for so long. Once exploitation is underway, resolution must follow soon after. A character who remains oblivious for too long can start to seem unrealistic to readers, and tension turns to frustration; always keep this in mind when using dramatic irony in a story. Dramatic irony: when readers know something the characters don’t 😠² 2. Situational ironyWhen the truth contradicts an expected outcome, it's  situational irony - also known as â€Å"the irony of events.† Again, just to clarify, irony is not the same as "coincidence" and "bad luck." If you buy a new car and then accidentally drive it into a tree, that is both coincidence and bad luck. However, if a professional stunt driver crashes into a tree on their way home from receiving a â€Å"best driver† award, that is situationally ironic.Example of situational irony: Harry Potter and the Deathly HallowsThroughout the seventh book of the Harry Potter series, readers follow Harry on his quest to find and destroy Voldemort’s six Horcruxes. At the end of the novel, we find out that there is a seventh Horcrux, so to speak  - and it's Harry himself.This unexpected twist also comes with the ironic realization that in order for Voldemort to die, Harry must sacrifice himself. So he willingly goes to meet Voldemort - and his own death. But when Voldemort uses the killing curse on Harry, it has the opposite of his desired effect. Harry lives while the Horcrux dies, bringing Voldemort that much closer to his greatest fear: mortality.In this way, Harry being a Horcrux is actually a double case of situational irony. Harry believes he must die in order to vanquish his enemy, whereas Voldemort thinks he is killing Harry, but he’s actually killing himself. Mind = blown, right?How to Write Dialogue: 10 Simple Rules (Plus 5 Mistakes to Avoid!) Read post This does rely on well-planned timing and context, however. A character needs to be properly developed, and the tone of a scene needs to be precisely conveyed, in order for dialogue to come across as ironic. Otherwise, there's a danger that the character’s statement may go over the reader’s head or be taken literally.For comic reliefOf course, sometimes writers use verbal irony simply to be funny. Whether it’s to highlight a sarcastic character (see: Chandler Bing) or to lighten tension during a dark or difficult scene, verbal irony typically does a very good job of providing comic relief.Final takeawaysHopefully you now understand the general purpose of irony: to create a contrast between appearances and underlying truths. When done properly, this can rather significantly alter a reader’s interaction with, expectations of, and insight into a novel. Indeed, irony is a hallmark of some of the most interesting and sophisticated writing in this day and age.Re member to use it with care, however, as it requires people to read between the lines. Irony can add a lot to the reading experience, but shouldn’t throw us so far off course that we can’t find our way to the truth. With that in mind, go forth and be ironic! (In your story, we mean.)What’s your favorite example of irony? Let us know in the comments!

Rebut vs. Refute vs. Deny

Rebut vs. Refute vs. Deny Rebut vs. Refute vs. Deny Rebut vs. Refute vs. Deny By Sharon Theres often confusion between rebut and refute and both words may be misused when deny is most appropriate. Its true that they all have to do with negation, but thats where the similarity ends. To deny a statement is simply that. If I say all dogs are grey, then if you deny or contradict that statement all you have to do is say: No, theyre not. However, if you wanted to rebut my statement, you would have to provide a well thought out and reasoned argument that suggests that I might be wrong. This is used in debates, where speakers present evidence that supports a counter argument. In order to refute my statement about dogs, you would have to prove it wrong, perhaps by showing me a dog of a different color. Here are some quotations from publications around the web: Friday, Mr. Emanuel declined to speculate on whether the Trump administration would find another rationale to deny the city the grant - something that has never happened. Nor would he say if he thought that the administration (www.nytimes.com) in which I addressed questions from Congressmen about my testimony before the global warming committee, I had already refuted in detail the points now belatedly raised again by the scientists who have written to Congress. (www.theguardian.com) opportunity to present a counterpoint to Mr. Wolff. And she has broadly discussed with friends the idea of a book to rebut â€Å"Fire and Fury.† (www.nytimes.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowUse a Dash for Number RangesEnglish Grammar 101: Sentences, Clauses and Phrases

The Horse Gallops co for Information mangment system Case Study

The Horse Gallops co for Information mangment system - Case Study Example There are several departments in the company dealing with the various logistics required in real estate. The contractors deal with the building of houses, while the maintenance department ensures that the commercial units are well maintained and operational. The trading and mortgage department deal with payment of the houses and general financial matters, while the general services department deals with serving the customers’ needs. I am the general manager of the Horse and Gallops Company. My role in the company is to ensure that the requirements of every customer are met by the various departments. It is, therefore, my job to link the various departments and ensure that the houses or commercial units are finished in time and as promised. There have been several complaints from customers that these departments are not linked and one has to jump from office to office to solve their problems. When it comes to payment there is also a disconnection between an individual who has to pay cash to the various departments. This problem is especially common when a customer wants more than one partition. Shaping of new businesses means latest threats for the businesses. New trends in Horse and Gallops are frequently employed to curb these risks. With the growth of the business, purchasing and developing innovative technological keys that cater to dangers that did not exist in the company when it was established should be enhanced. As different parties respond differently to unlike hazards, this enables them to set security aims. Understanding security perils is an extremely crucial step for organizations that want to set up security policies that can prevent future hazards. This approach is also called Threat scrutiny. It simply entails on pointing out the assets at risk, plus the evaluation of potential dangers on them. This is the most faced threat by most of today’s companies. The emerging and constant

The Individual American Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Individual American Experience - Essay Example Ortiz expounds on the influence of language in forming one's identity in an essay called "The Language We Know." In it, he counters the notion that English is only unifying factor in the American Experience. Ortiz was raised in an Acoma-speaking family. The power of these years upon his creative self-concept is clear. Ultimately; he defines "American" as some permutation of pretense and dispossession. He recalls his father's skill as stoneworker with sandstone and mud to build pueblos - the time, persistence, patience, and the belief that the walls might stand forever (188). He believed working with his father influences his writing (189). Both are methods of continuity. Both are ways in which a people may hold near to themselves (187). Although writing is his profession, building is always his trade. McBride challenges common and popular notions of insular identities based on simplified racial categories in his book called The Color of Water: a Black Man's Tribute to His White Mother. He counters the notion that racial difference is the defining factor in the African American experience. His dominant narrative is that of self-discovery through the rediscovery of ancestry. Ultimately; he defines "American" as a combination of eclecticism and hardship. This book is written uniquely. Chapter by chapter, it toggles between his mother's experiences of growing up in America with his own. His mother details the strict rules of Orthodox Judaism and how they affected her (16). Although his mother is white, she lives in a black world and refuses to acknowledge her whiteness (37). James lives in a home of "orchestrated chaos" (66). He sees his house as a combination three-ring circus and zoo. He describes some of his siblings - his sister Helen, the rebel; Rosetta, the resident queen of th e house; his brother Dennis, the civil rights activist and artist with aspirations of becoming a doctor. The whites at his mother Ruth's school hated Jews, and in public, James becomes ashamed of his white mother (98). 1n 1941, Ruth's Bubeh died. Ruth decided to return to New York (155). Her father tried to get her to stay; she refused. He told her that if she married a black man, she could never come home again. In 1992, while standing in front of a synagogue in Suffolk, James acknowledges his own connection to the synagogue and to Judaism (189). Abu-Jaber reveals tensions between American and Jordanian cultures in a work called The Language of Baklava: a Memoir. In it, she counters the notion that one Americanizes in some sterile standardized way. For example, her father learns to hail strangers greeting men and women alike with the same greeting: "Hey, bud!" As such, she I grows up thinking of all Americans as Bud (34). Abu-Jaber tells the story of growing up in upstate New York with periodic transplants to Jordan. Her dominant narrative seems to be stories of being raised by a food-loving Jordanian father and Bedouin tents. She completes her work with recipes illuminating American and Jordanian and painting the complex portrait of her displaced father who cooked as a method of continuing the past with the present. Ultimately; she defines "American" as being like her father's relationship with food. His daughters knowing how to feed themselves and others in ways that help define them as people. Drawing from my own personal

Tourism Management Essay Example for Free

Tourism Management Essay An importance-performance analysis of hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry: a comparison of business and leisure travellers Raymond K.S. Chu, Tat Choi*  Department of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Peoples Republic of China Received 16 December 1998; accepted 3 February 1999 Abstract Using an Importance}Performance Analysis (IPA), this paper examined business and leisure travellers perceived importance and performance of six hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry. The six hotel selection factors identied were: Service Quality, Business Facilities, Value, Room and Front Desk, Food and Recreation, and Security. Both business and leisure travellers held the same perceptions towards all the six hotel selection factors. The IPA grids illustrated that the Value factor fell into the Concentrate Here quadrant; Service Quality, Room and Front Desk and Security in the Keep Up the Good Work quadrant; and Business Facilities and Food and Recreation in the Low Priority quadrant. Room and Front Desk and Security were found to be the determining factors for business and leisure travellers, respectively, in their hotel choice selection. Implications for Hong Kong hoteliers and researchers were discussed. 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Importance}Performance Analysis; Hotel selection factors; Business and leisure travellers 1. Introduction 1.1. The Hong Kong hotel and tourism industry Hong Kong has long been Asias most popular tourist destination. The total visitor arrivals for 1996 reached a record of 11.7 million, representing a remarkable 14.7 per cent growth over 1995, with HK$84.5 billion (US$10.8 billion) #owing into the Special Administrative Regions economy in foreign exchange earnings. The 14.7 per cent growth rate in 1996 out-performed the world average of 4.5 per cent, as well as the average growth rates for East Asia/Pacic and South Asia, with 7.9 per cent and 4.0 per cent respectively (WTO, 1997). In addition, approximately 8 per cent of Hong Kongs Gross  Domestic Product (GDP) is attributable to tourism (HKTA, 1998). However, since the beginning of 1997, Hong Kongs inbound tourism industry has experienced  an unprecedented decline. As illustrated in Table 1, the Hong Kong Tourist Association (HKTA) revealed that the numbers of visitors declined from 11.7 million in 1996 to 10.4 million in 1997, representing a 12 per cent fall (HKTA, 1998). The fall in visitor arrivals has been aggravated by the regional currency turmoil, which has made Hong Kong an expensive destination to travel in comparison with other Southeast Asian regions (Poole, 1997). The depreciation of the Thai baht, the Indonesian rupiah, the Malaysian ringgit, and the Philippine peso has inevitably attracted international travellers who prefer to seek bargain visits to these cheaper destinations. Hong Kong is now considered less vacation-friendly than previously as high in#ation has driven up prices. In 1989, 60 per cent of travellers rated shopping in Hong Kong as above average in value for money, but in 1993 the number fell below 45 per cent (HKTA, 1998). In the early 1990s, Hong Kong su!ered from a relatively high in#ation rate of about 10 per cent per annum as a result of an increase in labour and land costs. This paper attempts to identify both the importance and performance of hotel selection factors in the Hong Kong hotel industry using the Importance}Performance Analysis (IPA) model. More specically, the paper intends to compare perceptions of business and leisure travellers, in terms of importance and performance of hotel selection factors. By identifying the needs, desires and expectations of di!erent segments, hoteliers will be in a better position to develop tailor-made marketing strategies to cater for their target customers and to achieve competitive advantages. Source: Adapted from A Statistical Review of Tourism, Hong Kong Tourist Association (1998). 2. Literature review cent per annum in recent years (Hueng, 1997). The rising cost of accommodation in Hong Kong and the dwindling number of shopping bargains are continuously a!ecting the Hong Kong tourism industry (Brevetti, 1995). Such price in#ation threatens Hong Kongs reputation as a Shopping Paradise. Looking at the visitor prole, in particular at a comparison of business and leisure travellers, there appears to have not much signicant change between the two groups. The leisure segment has constituted almost 60 per cent of total visitor arrivals to Hong Kong over the past ten years, while the business segment contributed up to 30 per cent of total visitor arrivals over the same period (see Table 1). Regarding the hotel industry in Hong Kong, room rates have long been considered as the prime factor that adds to the cost of a trip, contributing to tourism downturn (Beck, 1997; Schloss, 1997). Schloss (1997) reported that Hong Kong hotels are more expensive to stay in than in Tok yo hotels, even when they o!er discounts. Beck (1997) mentioned that Hong Kong hotels are too expensive and that the  high cost is the single factor that continues to a!ect tourism in Hong Kong seriously. Research studies have shown that satisfaction with hotel properties, including services, facilities and price, appears to be one of the major factors leading to the success and repeat patronage of the destination (Shih, 1986; Stevens, 1992). To be successful in business, one must understand how customers perceive the product or service attributes, their importance and performance when compared with other competitors. The importance of being competitive and o!ering competitive advantage has been recognised for some years. In the hotel environment, where competition dominates, hoteliers must study the strengths and weaknesses of the product or service they provide and accurately dene their importance and performance. To maintain Hong Kongs present status as one of the worlds most attractive tourist destinations, hoteliers 2.1. Importance}Performance Analysis Importance}Performance Analysis (IPA) conceptually underlies the multi-attribute models that date back to the late 1970s. Martilla and James (1977) applied the IPA technique to analyse the performance of the automobile industry. Hawes, Kiser and Rao (1982) and Hawes and Rao (1985) used the IPA concept in retirement communities and health care applications. Sethna (1982) found the IPA technique to be a valid and powerful technique for identifying service quality areas that require remedial strategic actions. The underlying assumption of the IPA technique is that customers level of satisfaction with the attributes is mainly derived from their expectations and judgment of the products or services performance. IPA has become a popular managerial tool that has been broadly used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of brands, products, services and retail establishments in various industries in recent years (Chapman, 1993; Cheron, McTavish Perrien, 1989). Hemmasi, Strong and Taylor (1994) measured the service quality of hospital services using IPA as an alternative to the traditional SERVQUAL instrument devised by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988). While Evans and Chon (1989) used the IPA to formulate and evaluate tourism policy, Keyt, Yavas and Riecken (1994) and Hsu, Byun and Yang (1997) adopted the IPA technique in restaurant positioning. Lewis (1985) used the IPA as a competitive analysis technique to identify tourists perceptions of the hotel industry. Lewis and Chambers (1989) reported the e!ective use of IPA by the Sheraton Hotel in monitoring customer satisfaction. Almanza, Ja!e  and Lin (1994) used the IPA matrix to determine means for improving customer satisfaction. Martin (1995) examined service providers perceptions of customers expectations of quality service in the hotel industry using the IPA technique. In an increasingly competitive environment, a determination of the strengths and weaknesses of a  have high levels of performance in relation to these activities. In the Low Priority quadrant, attributes have low importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be overly concerned since the attributes in this cell are not perceived to be very important. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Lastly, the Possible Overkill q uadrant contains attributes of low importance, but of relatively high performance. Respondents are satised with the performance of the organisations, but managers should consider present e!orts on the attributes of this cell as being overutilised (Evans and Chon, 1989; Hemmasi, Strong Taylor, 1994; Keyt et al., 1994; Martilla James, 1977; Martin, 1995). Fig. 1. Importance}Performance Analysis grid. Quadrant I Attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, but performance levels are fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement e!orts should concentrate here. Quadrant II Attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to have high levels of performance on these activities. The message here is To Keep up the Good Work. Quadrant III Attributes are with low importance and low performance. Although performance levels may be low in this cell, managers should not be overly concerned since the attribute in this cell is not perceived to be very important. Limited resources should be expended on this low priority cell. Quadrant IV This cell contains attributes of low importance, but relatively high performance. Respondents are satised with the performance of the organisations, but managers should consider present e!orts on the attributes of this cell as being overutilised. 2.2. Perceived importance and performance of attributes Attribute importance is generally regarded as a persons general assessment of the signicance of an attribute for a product. Many studies have attempted to analyse customer satisfaction in terms of both expectations that relate to certain important attributes and judgments of the attribute performance (Myers Alpers, 1968; Swan Coombs, 1976). However, there appears to have been diverse conclusions made about how one should relate attribute importance and performance. The concept of importance is viewed by customers the same as satisfaction (Barsky, 1992; Rosenberg, 1956). When a customer perceives an attribute as important, the customer will believe that the attribute will play a signicant role in in#uencing his or her product choice (MacKenzie, 1986). More recently, the term importance has been used to refer to the perceived importance of an attribute and its e!ect on product or service quality (Carman, 1990). Lilien, Kotler and Moorthy (1993) dened the term important attributes as those considered important by consumers, and that the various brands or products are perceived to di!er. Hemmasi et al. (1994), however, stated that performance lies in customer perceptions of performance of the attribute. Thus, the more favourable the perception of performance, the greater the likelihood of the choice from among similar alternatives. Therefore, it is strategically important for hoteliers to understand and to identify the product (or service) attributes perceived by customers as important, and to examine how customers perceive these product (or service) attributes. It is also very likely that a customers favourable post-purchase experience may lead him or her to repurchase if the customer is satised with the hotel performance. 2.3. Hotel attributes in hotel choice selection Those attributes directly in#uencing choice are determinant attributes: they may arouse consumers purchase intentions and di!erentiate from competitors o!erings  products or services importance and performance seems an undeniable constituent of success. The interpretation of the IPA is graphically presented on a grid divided into four quadrants. Fig. 1 illustrates the IPA  grid. The -axis reports the customers perceived importance of selected attributes, and the X-axis shows the products (or services) performance in relation to these attributes. The four identiable quadrants are: Concentrate Here, Keep Up the Good Work, Low Priority and Possible Overkill. In the Concentrate Here quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, but performance levels are seen as fairly low. This sends a direct message that improvement e!orts should concentrate here. In the Keep Up the Good Work quadrant, attributes are perceived to be very important to respondents, and at the same time, the organisation seems to  (Alpert, 1971). The services and facilities o!ered by a hotel, or hotel attributes, are those features of products or services that lead consumers to choose one product over others (Lewis, 1983). Wuest, Tas and Emenheiser (1996) dened perceptions of hotel attributes as the degree to which travellers nd various services and facilities important to customers satisfaction. Atkinson (1988) found that cleanliness of the accommodation, followed by safety and security, accommodation value for money, courtesy and helpfulness of sta! were identied as top attributes for travellers in hotel choice selection. Wilensky and Buttle (1988) mentioned that personal service, physical attractiveness, opportunities for relaxation, standard of services, appealing image, and value for money were signicantly evaluated by travellers. Rivers, Toh and Alaoui (1991) examined the hotel selection decisions of members and non-members of frequent guest programs. Their results showed that convenience of location and overall service received the highest ratings. Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo and Howey (1992) surveyed 510 travellers, asking them to rate the importance of 57 hotel attributes in hotel choice decision. The results showed that price and quality was rated as the most important attribute across all age categories, followed by attributes related to security and convenience of location. LeBlanc and Nguyen (1996), in particular, examined the ve hotel factors that may signal a hotels image to travellers. These ve factors were: physical environment,  corporate identity, service personnel, quality of services and accessibility. They suggested that marketing e!orts should be directed to highlight the environmental cues in order to attract new customers. An extensive review of the literature for the hospitality industry suggests that attributes such as cleanliness, location, room rate, security, service quality, and the reputation of the hotel have been considered by most tourists in hotel choice decision (Ananth, DeMicco, Moreo Howey, 1992; Atkinson, 1988; Barsky Labagh, 1992; Cadotte Turgeon, 1988; Knutson, 1988; LeBlanc Nguyen, 1996; Lewis, 1984,1985; Marshall, 1993; McCleary, Weaver Hutchinson, 1993; Rivers, Toh Alaoui, 1991; Wilensky Buttle, 1988). 2.4. Hotel attributes as perceived by business and leisure travellers Many studies have looked into a comparison between business and leisure travellers in their hotel selection criteria. These studies indicated that the important attributes a!ecting business travellers hotel choices were cleanliness and location (Lewis Chambers, 1989; McCleary et al., 1993; Taninecz, 1990), whereas security, personal interactions, and room rates were considered as important by their leisure counterparts (Clow, Garretson Kurtz, 1994; Lewis, 1985; Marshall, 1993; Parasuraman et al., 1988). Taninecz (1990) found that cleanliness,  comfort of mattresses and pillows, and quality of towels received the highest ratings from business travellers. Lewis and Chambers (1989) and McCleary et al. (1993) also found that location was the most important factor in#uencing hotel selection by all business travellers. However, they argued that a hotels catering facilities were not important in hotel selection, as th ere are often many alternative dining choices nearby. Leisure travellers seem to be more concerned with room rates and value in their initial hotel selection (Lewis, 1985). Parasuraman et al. (1988) found that the quality of personal interactions with employees was a critical component of the service quality evaluation. Employees service quality has been cited as important to leisure travellers when selecting overnight accommodation (Parasuraman et al., 1988). Knutson (1988) mentioned that leisure travellers were mainly concerned with a hotels safety and security. This concern might stem from the idea that leisure trips often involve families, and these travellers have a high sensitivity to what may occur around them when their families  are involved. Marshall (1993) and Clow et al. (1994) revealed that security was cited as one of the most important criteria in selecting a hotel. Tourists want to be safe and secure in their accommodation, and are willing to pay for this. The safety and security system may di!erentiate one property from its competition, hence becoming a competitive strategy that helps a hotel to gain tourists condence and trust. Ananth et al. (1992) found that leisure travellers were likely to express concern with regard to a hotels reputation and name familiarity. Other studies have suggested that some hotel attributes are seen as important by both business and leisure travellers. Knutson (1988) examined the di!erences between business and leisure travellers in an attempt to determine the attributes that initially attract these two types of travellers to a hotel, and that bring them back. Her ndings suggested that the following factors were considered by both business and leisure travellers when selecting a hotel for the rst time or for repeat patronage: (1) clean, comfortable, well-maintained rooms, (2) convenient location, (3) prompt and courteous service, (4) safe and secure environment, and (5) friendly and courteous employees. Lewis (1984,1985) tested 66 hotel attributes to determine the basis of hotel selection by 1314 business and leisure travellers in six hotels. The ndings showed that location and price were the determinant attributes for hotel selection for both business and leisure travellers. Cadotte and Turgeon (1988) examined data from members of the AH MA (American Hotel Motel Association) on the relative frequency of 26 categories of compliments. Survey results found that the ve most frequent compliments were: (1) helpful attitude of employees, (2) cleanliness of establishment, (3) neatness of establishment, (4) quality of service, and (5) employee knowledge of service.

For Another Mans Freedom :: essays research papers

For Another Man's Freedom "All men are created equal", but the men this is pertaining to are not the men losing blood in this battle at Gettysburg. The men losing their lives in this war are men fighting for what they believe in, for the benefit of their suggested equals. Stepping forward, and then looking back; these memories, and the impact these memories have, are not and will never be forgotten. The blood which was shed in this great battle at Gettysburg could never be forgotten. The blood being spoken of by Abraham Lincoln, was thought by many to have recycled into the earth, therefore making that ground sacred; also ascending to heaven. This battle ground and the battle which occurred here is be recognized by the people of United States of America as the "rebirth" of America. The only problem with these thoughts is that these were not the thoughts that were in the heads of the soldiers at the time. During the fighting these soldiers not only did not see this as the rebirth of a nation, but had "forgotten the cause" altogether. I do not believe that these men were necessarily fighting specifically for the rights of the slaves, but rather for the rights of all men including themselves. These men were thought to be "privileged", and at the time I am sure they believed that they were taking part in an inconceivable historical event. I am sure that at that time they did not realize that this would be an ongoing struggle even three-hundred years after their existence. The soldiers entered this battle with great pride, holding their flags high, hoping to make a difference. They did make a clearly substantial impact on their society , but this quest for equality is still being pursued. This fight was not considered the only option at the time, but peaceful talks were always considered. As society knows, peace talks are not always the best way to get through to a person opposing your views. While discussion in hopes of no war exist, war is already being planned within the rights of an individual's mind. In the Killer Angels supplement, the beautiful depiction of the war grounds is harshly interrupted by the grim commencement of the fighting. These men, through their devotion to their country, were proud to stay either until they died, or until the fighting had ceased. Many references to God are made in this Second Inaugural Address, and these references are also made in the Killer Angels. The soldiers in the battle

Family and Doctor Essay

Before I go with the topic to express â€Å"Why I want to be a part of Yashoda’s Young Doctor’s Camp†. I like to tell a small incident that had changed my goal and the way I really got admired. The incident took place when I was studying in class 6. I was suffering with high fever, and then usually my parents took me to the nearby doctor. This was the time when my brain was concentrating seriously, I observed that all the patients were keen to meet the doctor and express their disarray. They relied on the doctor totally which was easily understood by their smiling faces after consulting the doctor. They also believed that he was the only one who can cure their disarray. This made me to think that the profession of a doctor has a high position in the society and he is the one who will be trusted forever. Then I have decided to have my goal to become a doctor. I started to work hard from that moment towards my goal. Even I used to have a feeling in my mind that I can really do my best to prove myself. From then I started to work hard in the field of science . This showed me immense results . I was able to maintain a huge patience in my all works. And even I started to analyze what should be maintained to have a good health. Being a doctor is really tough and it will need huge patience and hard work. I want to relate to another incident that took place in my life when I was 2 years old. Don’t be shocked that how I can remember what happened when I was two years old it is not magic, but my father revealed it to me. I used to live with my grandparents those days. I was suffering with heavy motions those days. My grandfather was cautious about the viral infections and took me to the hospital for treatment. The doctor gave me a medicine named with ‘G’. My grandpa gave the prescription to the pharmaceutical shop person. H e gave the medicine to my grandpa and it was given to me. But, the results after using the medicine were different; my disarray was not cured for even after some days. This made my grandpa to check the medicine he found that a single letter ‘I’ was misplaced with a letter ‘r’. This incident when my father was saying I was amazed to know that a single letter plays a vital role. I learnt that a doctor should be always aware about his actions and I started to think before once before I do anything. This will make me to take good decisions. But I think this will not be the trait of the real doctor’s as they are really very much experienced in their profession. This made me also realize that to become a good doctor we should be experienced in the profession. So I think by now you might have made a picture what kind of girl I am. I possess patience, I believe in truth; I will take the responsibility for my action’s and I will believe in the word â€Å"trust†. And I believe that being a doctor is like giving a commitment to serve for the society. So, before I go on with expressing my curriculum performance, I have to say a few lines on Yashoda Hospitals. They were really awesome and the doctor’s are really friendly and caring. You can ask me how I can say this feedback. I have an original experience with Yashoda hospitals. W hen my uncle had an accident in the industry almost his hand fingers were crashed. When we immediately rushed to the nearby hospitals they said that the whole hand should be removed. The pain felt by my aunt when she heard this was still in my heart. Then my father had a thought with him to take to the Yashoda hospital will be a good way. Only a single second after his words, we rushed to the Yashoda hospital. We observed that the crews of Yashoda Hospital were really caring towards the patients. Then we met the doctor and he said that no problem to the hand it will be cured with an operation. This stunned me that there are different kinds of treatments going on. And this even made me clear that Yashoda hospital doctors are the ones with immense character and also they believe in the proper treatment. And I forgot to mention that I take care of the animals suffering with hunger as instructed by my biology teacher to take care of the poor ones by giving them food. This was one of the reasons why I rushed to my teacher when she said I am eligible for a camp with Yashoda hospital doctors. And then coming to my curriculum I am good at Physics, Chemistry and Biology. I even do my bit good to get higher grade in maths. Coming to the languages I know I can speak in Telugu, English and a bit of Hindi. I am helpful and friendly with my friends. I will respect the elders. And I am always ready to learn anything. I have high confidence in myself. I will concentrate in my studies to show good performance through my higher grades. I even take almost everything serious except a fight with my sister. I will read books a lot. I will usually gather good science facts and the collection of things which I felt amazed will be with me always. I don’t get irritated fast. I will even take good exercise and balanced diet to keep my body fit. I will also gather the up to date information about the new techniques in the treatment of patients. I am lso a bit patriotic because I feel that doing something to the mother land is really a great job. This was one of the main reason why I chose to be a doctor because I can serve my country. I believe in the principles of Abdul kalam and Mother Teresa. I would also state one of the main aspects of mine which my mom says wrong, but I feel it is right; the query is that I usually work hard by sitting to study at least for 5 hours a day. But my mom says you should study even hard, but I believe in studying with concentration and practical experiences rather sitting like a book worm. I believe the fact that if you love your work you will excel in it. I think these are the qualities I posses and it is up to you whether you select me. I want to experience originally how a doctor behaves and correct myself if am doing a mistake now itself so that I can excel in my profession better in the next coming years. I believe that these are the traits that are of a doctor. If I missed anything, I will learn it through Yashoda hospital doctors in the camp. I hope that I will get selected for this camp, and I believe that one day I will surely be a good doctor.

Feasibility Study on Carbonated Drinks Essay

I. Introduction An effervescent drink that releases carbon dioxide under conditions of normal atmospheric pressure. Carbonation may occur naturally in spring water that has absorbed carbon dioxide at high pressures underground. It can also be a byproduct of fermentation, such as beer and some wines. Many curative properties have been attributed to effervescent waters (e.g., aiding digestion and calming nerves), but few have been scientifically tested. The term seltzer once referred to the effervescent mineral water obtained from the natural springs near the village of Niederseltsers in SW Germany. Today, however, seltzer is simply well-filtered tap water with artificially added carbonation. Club soda is also artificially carbonated but contains other additives as well, including sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, sodium citrate, and sometimes light flavoring. Artificial carbonation was first introduced in 1767 by an Englishman, Joseph Priestley, and was commercialized in 1807 by Benjamin Silliman, a Yale Univ. chemistry professor, who bottled and sold seltzer water. After 1830, sweetened and flavored (lemon-lime, grape, orange) carbonated drinks became popular. In 1838, Eugene Roussel added a â€Å"soda counter† to his Philadelphia shop; by 1891, New York City had more soda fountains than bars. In 1886, John S. Pemberton, an Atlanta druggist seeking a headache and hangover remedy, added kola nut extract to coca extract and produced Coca-Cola. A pharmacist named Hires invented root beer in 1893. Today, heavily sweetened, carbonated drinks, or sodas, are among the most popular beverages in the world. In the last two decades, the introduction of diet drinks containing artificial sweeteners has increased sales of carbonated beverages. Annual Coca-Cola sales alone total more than a billion dollars, and sodas account for one-fourth of the annual sugar consumption in the United States. Soft drinks or carbonated drinks can be found most anywhere in the world, but nowhere are they as ubiquitous as in the United States, where 450 different types are sold and more than 2.5 million vending machines dispense them around the clock, including in our schools. The American Beverage Association says that, in 2004, 28 percent of all beverages consumed in the U.S. were carbonated soft drinks. Beverages are carbonated for various reasons. Many people find the fizzy sensation to be pleasant and like the slightly different taste that carbon dioxide provides. Carbonated beverages, particularly naturally carbonated spring water, were once thought to be health tonics, and the effervescence can help soothe an upset stomach. To keep the carbon dioxide dissolved, cans and bottles of soda must be kept under high pressure. Containers might explode when shaken, because of the build up of the gas, or the beverage might spray out when a shaken container is opened. The carbon dioxide in a carbonated beverage also causes people to burp after they drink it, because the gas is released after being ingested into the body. II. Types of Carbonated Drinks A. Soda – Many people begin to drink carbonated beverages in childhood with a first sip of Coke, Sprite or Dr Pepper at a birthday party. B. Coffee – Although the ventures didn’t succeed, Starbucks tried to introduce a carbonated coffee beverage called Mazagran and Coke attempted the same thing with Kona. C. Carbonated Water – Carbonated water (also known as sparkling water, fizzy water and seltzer) is popular among weight-conscious or other people who want to avoid sugar sodas. It is available plain and in a variety of light flavors, like lemon, raspberry and vanilla. D. Sparkling Wine (Champagne) – Sparkling wine—or champagne, depending on where the beverage was produced—is the drink of choice for celebrations and also pairs well with light dishes like fish or chicken. E. Energy Drinks – Enviga, Red Bull, Jolt and Monster are carbonated drinks that have stimulants that help energize. F. Juices- You can buy juice that has carbonation but check their nutrition labels to see how healthy they are. One example is the Nantucket Nectars line of lightly carbonated juices called Nectar Fizz. III. Technical Feasibility A. Business Location Location to setup a Carbonated Drink Distribution is on a urban area where everybody can have an access buying drinks. Location can be on a beach for summer is coming everyone wants cold drinks. IV. Organizational Feasibility A. The legal status of business play an important role in any setup; the proposed Carbonated Drink store setup is assumed to operate as a Franchise of bigger organizations. V. Conclusion Carbonated Drinks are what most people want. Drinks like this will consumed by most of people especially in urban area where it is now the trend.